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Gorchak (Rhodeus serviceus)
» System
Class of the Actinopterygian order of Cypriniformes family of Cyprinidae Rhodeus sericeus (Pallas, 1776)
» Aspect
Gorchak is a small fish whose body is high and laterally compressed. The lateral line is short or incomplete. This fish has large scales lined with dark grey. Sexual dimorphism appears between the male and the female for reproduction. A tube of ponte (ovipositor) from 5 to 8 mm develops in females, allowing it to lay its eggs in the Gill cavity of freshwater mussels. The male has a higher than the female body and its colors become more vivid in breeding season.
Gorchak eye is relatively large. Its mouth is small, oblique and upper jaw exceeds the lower jaw.
The anal and dorsal fins have a short base and 8 to 10 rays branched.
» Size
The current size of gorchak is 5-6 cm. Some individuals can reach a maximum size of 11 cm and a weight of 10 g. This species is one of the smallest European Cyprinids.
» Colors
The scales of the back have a grey - green colour more to less dark. The flanks are clear with silver glints. During the period of reproduction silver colouring changes to a pink color to bright red with a lateral band dark blue.
» Life expectancy
She lives an average of 2 to 3 years.
» Food
Gorchak is an omnivorous fish but the phytoplankton (diatoms), aquatic plants and small invertebrates (worms, molluscs, larvae of insects especially chironomids) are at the base of his power. It captures its prey by rooting.
» Reproduction
Gorchak needs the presence of freshwater (floater or Unionids) Mussel to be able to reproduce. She uses her long ovipositor to deposit eggs in the gills of the bivalve. The female can make several successive clutches between April to June. Each ponte filed 40 eggs in the host, a bivalve can accommodate from 5 to 90 eggs. Eggs deposited in Mussel gills are fertilized by the male who releases Milt on the bivalve. The eggs will incubate for 2 or 3 weeks, period during which the male will protect the eggs until the release of FRY.
To survive, gorchak therefore needs the presence of Freshwater Mussel. It is a process of commensalism that is not detrimental to the mold and allowing it in addition to free cleanings.
» Habitat
Gorchak occurs in stagnant or current low, the lakes and ponds to bottom muddy and Sandy.
» Implantation
Gorchak is a typical fish of Central Europe and Eastern, it is not present in the South of the Alps, Scandinavia, the Denmark and the South of the Pyrenees. It was introduced in Britain.